Which route would you like to take ? There are no paper reservations on this route.
Option 1 : TGV/ICE to Paris (17€) + TGV to Barcelona (37€). Very popular so not much availability left.
5th July : only 1st class seats left on the afternoon train
6th July : 2 seats left (!) on the 14:56 TGV out of Paris
Option 2 : via Strasbourg and Lyon, Montpellier (+ regional train across the border or maybe AVE). See later.
Option 3 : TGV/ICE to Paris (17€) and night train to Latour de Carol (Pyrénées). From there regional train the next morning to Barcelona. Night trains are very popular too.
- TGV/ICE direct for 17€ or 10-20€ from Strasbourg
- Intercités de Nuit Paris-Austerlitz - Latour de Carol 20:55 - 08:46 about 23€ for a couchette
- R Latour de Carol - Barcelona-Sants 10:25 - 13:45
RENFE is planning to restart the direct route between Lyon and Barcelona in July. We don't know whether they'll accept passes but it would be very helpful. Even if they don't accept passes, I expect tickets to be very cheap for the opening.
Last year the train departed Lyon Part-Dieu at 14:32 so you could take this route from Frankfurt.
- ICE Frankfurt (Main) Hbf - Strasbourg 06:56 - 08:48 17€ seat reservation
- TGV Strasbourg - Lyon Part-Dieu 09:03 - 13:00 20€ 2nd class or 24€ 1st class (incl. upgrade)*
- pAVE Lyon Part-Dieu - Barcelona-Sants 14:32 - about 19:30]
The first leg to Strasbourg could be done reservation-free by leaving at 05:50 and changing in Offenburg.
In any case : you need to book well in advance which route you choose. I'd just wait a few days to see on which date RENFE is restarting the route.
*book through https://travel.b-europe.com/Eurail-GE/en/booking-tgv#TravelWish